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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Receive microbiological samples
  2. Prepare for safe microbiological work and aseptic applications
  3. Process samples for direct examination
  4. Prepare pure cultures for microbiological work and aseptic applications
  5. Perform environmental microbiological analyses
  6. Examine test data for legislative compliance
  7. Maintain records

Range Statement

This field allows for different work environments and conditions that may affect performance. Essential operating conditions that may be present (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) are included.

Legislation, standards, codes, procedures and/or workplace requirements include the latest version of one or more of:

federal legislation such as the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act

state/territory government legislation and regulations and local government by-laws, policies, and plans dealing with land use, acquisition, planning and protection; environmental protection; nature conservation; wildlife/plant protection; prevention of cruelty to animals and quarantine

legislation, standards and codes of practice for work health and safety (WHS)

adopted national exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment (NOHSC:1003)

Australian and international standards covering safety in laboratories (AS/NZS 2243.3:2010 Safety in laboratories - Microbiological safety and containment); water microbiology (AS/NZS 4276 Water microbiology series); examination of waters for Legionellae (AS/NZS 3896:2008 Waters - Examination for Legionella spp. including Legionella pneumophila); selection of containers and preservation of water samples for microbiological analysis (AS 2031-2012 Water quality - Sampling for microbiological analysis); and air-handling and water systems of buildings - microbial control (AS/NZS 3666 Air-handling and water systems of buildings series)

international guidelines and methods, such as Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand 2000, Australian guidelines for water quality monitoring and reporting, National Water Quality Management Strategy No. 7, ANZECC & ARMCANZ, Canberra

American Public Health Association (APHA) Handbook - Water and wastewater analysis

registration/licensing and/or accreditation requirements

workplace documents, such as standard operating procedures (SOPs); work schedules; quality management procedures; data quality procedures; sampling/monitoring procedures; validated/authorised test procedures; safety data sheets (SDS) and safety procedures; equipment manuals; recording and reporting procedures; cleaning, hygiene, personal hygiene requirements; waste minimisation, containment, processing and safe disposal procedures.

Environmental microbiological tests include one or more of:

identification of major groups of environmentally significant organisms, such as:

bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Corynebacteria, Legionella pneumophila, Lactobacillus, Rhizobia, hydrocarbon utilising bacteria, and sulfite reducing bacteria

Total Coliforms, Faecal Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococci andFaecal Streptococci

Archaea

Aspergillus

micro-algae, blue-green algae

anaerobic protozoa

indicator microorganisms and their role in predicting likely infectious agents

enumeration of organisms, and use of counting chambers

use of selective and enriched media and their role in identification and enumeration of microorganisms, such as:

MacConkey’s agar (Coliforms)

BG11 (Cyanobacteria)

yeast mannitol agar (Rhizobium)

lactose broth

ammonium salts

nutrient agars

tryptic soy agar

biochemical tests, such as IMViC (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and citrate)

use of antibiotics, such as cycloheximide (detection of bacteria in presence of yeasts and mould)

micro-toxicity testing

microbial activity in soils.

Equipment, materials and systems include one or more of:

protective and physical containment facilities and equipment for safe handling of microorganisms, including personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, masks and safety glasses, and gloves for working with extremes of heat and cold

carbon dioxide cabinets and incubators

transfer equipment, such as inoculating loops, pipettes (quantitative and qualitative), flasks, tubes and spatulas

liquid nitrogen containers for cell storage

filtration membranes

microscopes with bright field and other relevant illumination systems and stereomicroscopes

counting chambers for micro-enumeration

colony counting devices

Bunsen burners and bench incinerators

incubators and water baths

anaerobic jars, fermentation chambers, continuous culture systems and other devices for controlling growth environments of microorganisms

laboratory information management systems (LIMS), databases, record and filing systems

stains, media, reagents and biological materials necessary for laboratory testing

laboratory glassware and measuring equipment

disinfecting and sterilising solutions and equipment, such as ultraviolet (UV) lamps

materials suitable for the safe containment, collection, processing and disposal of biological and non-biological wastes

autoclaves.

Legislative compliance includes:

comparison and interpretation of data in comparison with assessment criteria, limits and other regulatory requirements, such as:

exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment

guidelines for drinking water

allowable pollution index for public recreation areas

discharge of sewage and allowable contamination levels

drawing conclusions about air quality, water quality, and the condition of ecosystems

Use of microorganisms in bioremediation, agriculture and industrial processes includes one or more of:

treatment of wastewater (especially in sewage)

sulphite reducing bacteria

remediation of oil spills using microorganisms, such as HCB, pseudomonas

production of eco-friendly fuels, such as ethanol

WHS and environmental management requirements include:

compliance with relevant federal/state/territory WHS legislation at all times

assuming that samples are potentially hazardous and applying standard precautions

accessing and applying current industry understanding of infection control issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and state/territory Departments of Health, where relevant.


Performance Evidence

Evidence of competence in this unit must satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria, and include demonstration of:

performing each of the following environmental microbiological techniques/tests on at least two (2) occasions:

preparing specimen samples, such as thin smears, liquid films and concentrates for direct examination

using standard media selection, inoculation, incubation and subculturing techniques to grow cultures of environmentally significant microorganisms

conducting microscopic examination of samples to identify and count cells and colonies

conducting microbiological analyses (e.g. spectrometric, electronic, rapid detection, indicator organisms) to identify and/or enumerate environmentally significant microorganisms

interpreting instructions, sampling/test methods, manuals, guidelines and applying workplace procedures

logging, tracking and reporting microbiological samples from collection/receipt through to completion of a procedure

setting up, cleaning and optimising the performance of light microscopes

identifying artefacts or image aberrations attributable to misalignment or obstruction of light paths or condensers used in bright field, dark ground, phase and fluorescent microscopy, or with other steps in microscopic examinations

identifying Gram reactions accurately

accurately describing bacterial colony forms on common media used in bacteriological investigations

performing reliable colony/cell/microorganism counts, estimations and calculations

checking the quality and validity of data and recording/storing test results in accordance with workplace procedures

comparing microbiological data with relevant assessment criteria to identify significant data trends and atypical results, possible causes or implications and risk/instances of non-compliance

preparing documentation that is concise, accurate and meets workplace and/or legislative requirements

using personal protective clothing, safety equipment and procedures to prevent contaminating oneself, other people, work area, equipment, samples, or media/reagents during manipulations involving transfer of cultures

demonstrating safe sterilisation, disinfection, cleaning, spillage, decontamination and waste disposal techniques

seeking advice when issues/problems are beyond scope of competence/responsibility

preparing data and documentation that is accurate, concise and in accordance with workplace requirements

working safely and reporting all incidents or accidents.


Knowledge Evidence

Must provide evidence that demonstrates knowledge of:

microbiological terminology relevant to job role covering bacteriology, parasitology and mycology

cell biology and chemistry related to laboratory phenomena, such as growth and isolation of organisms for identification

microbial genetics

microbial diversity

microorganisms of importance in assessment of the natural environment

diseases associated with air, water and soil-borne microorganisms

transmission and infection mechanisms and vectors

population growth curves for microorganisms

anti-microbial agents and their suitability/efficacy in a variety of situations

relevant disinfection and sterilisation procedures

rationale for sample dilution when preparing materials for enumerating organisms and other pure culture work (e.g. most probable number (MPN) technique)

need for accurate identification of sample source (e.g. field location)

sampling procedures for the microbiological testing of drinking water which should conform to the guidelines published by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), and the Australian Water Resources Council

testing procedures for the microbiological content of air, water and soil which should be guided by advice of relevant national and state/territory environment protection agencies

identification of indicator microorganisms to assist in determining the cause, time or nature of pollution

use of microorganisms in wastewater treatment

use of microorganisms in toxic spill recovery

use of microorganisms in site remediation

collection and disposal of waste, waste minimisation principles

relevant hazards, controls and safety procedures – especially those associated with handling microorganisms.